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語(yǔ)法教案:時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-6-1 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

分類說(shuō)明

高考中對(duì)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的命題不可少,每年都有兩、三分。然而,命題一般都是以基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)為主,把時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)境結(jié)合起來(lái),在復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),應(yīng)特別注意下面一些問(wèn)題:

1.動(dòng)詞的八種基本時(shí)態(tài)的形式和意義:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);一般過(guò)去時(shí);一般將來(lái)時(shí);現(xiàn)任進(jìn)行時(shí);過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);過(guò)去完成時(shí);現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。并且,由此擴(kuò)充了解將來(lái)完成時(shí);將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí);過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)等。

2.掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)要求,特別是上下文中所暗含的時(shí)間。

3.注意并掌握句子中時(shí)態(tài)一致性的要求,如:賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要求:主句若為過(guò)去時(shí),從句必須用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí),但當(dāng)從句表示客觀真理時(shí),又可只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)要求:當(dāng)主句為將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí),從句片j一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的時(shí)態(tài)要求:(見(jiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣)。

4,掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)及含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式和應(yīng)用。

(1)分清動(dòng)詞的詞性,熟悉并掌握常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞happen,take place,occur,exist等,它們不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);

(2)分清主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系;

(3)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞,但有些不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞所形成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可有被動(dòng)形式,此時(shí),變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后介詞不能丟;

(4)熟悉并掌握主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況,如:

A.及物動(dòng)詞read,write,sell,wash等,用作不及物動(dòng)詞,如:.

The pen _________well.

A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.has written

B.做定語(yǔ)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:

I have much work ________.

A.to do B.to be done C.to be doing D.to have done

但當(dāng)不定的式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),則須用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).如:

Do you have any work ________now? I’m free.

A.to do B.to be done C.to be doing D.to have done

C.形容詞hard,difficult,interesting,exciting,surprising等后的不定式作語(yǔ)及worth后面的doing。

回放真題

真題1(2004甘肅、青海卷29)

--Thank goodness,you’re here! What _________you?

--Traffic jam.

A.keeps B.is keeping C.had kept D.kept

【答案及解析】 D選項(xiàng)A表示一種經(jīng)常的情況;B表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的事情;C表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間之前的行為;D表示一般過(guò)去的情況。根據(jù)前面句子可知,所問(wèn)的是“你”來(lái)這兒之前的情況,故答案選D。

真題2(2004甘肅、青海卷31)

The house could fall down soon if no one ________ some quick repair work.

A.has done B.is doing C.does D.had done

【答案及解析】 C could在題干中表示推測(cè)(推測(cè)時(shí)間為現(xiàn)在),故從句采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),答案選C。

真題3(2004重慶卷22)

The crazy fans _________patiently for two hours,and they would wait till the movie star arrived.

A.were waiting B.had been waiting C.had waited D.would wait

【答案及解析】 B從“they would wait till…”可知,他們?cè)诖酥熬鸵恢痹诘龋虼擞眠^(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

真題4(2004重慶卷23)

She ________her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for an better job.

A.would change B.has changed C.changed D.was changing

【答案及解析】 c本句雖然表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,但before連接的兩件事情時(shí)間聯(lián)系得很緊密,主句動(dòng)作是過(guò)去做完的動(dòng)作,不側(cè)重時(shí)間對(duì)比,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示。

真題5(2004廣東卷21)

All the employees except the manage ________to work online at home.

A.encourages B.encourage C.is encouraged D.a(chǎn)re encouraged

【答案及解析】 D根據(jù)名詞1+介詞+名詞2作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)由名詞1決定的原則,排除選項(xiàng)A、C;根據(jù)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系可知為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故答案選D。

真題6(2004福建卷21)

--You were out when I dropped in at your house.

--Oh,I _________for a friend from England at the airport.

A.was waiting B.had waited C.a(chǎn)m waiting D.have waited

【答案及解析】 A根據(jù)上下句談及的是過(guò)去的事情,并且wait的動(dòng)作在drop之中發(fā)生,故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

真題7(2004湖北卷22)

He kept looking at her,wondering whether he ________her somewhere.

A.saw B.has seen C.sees D.had seen

【答案及解析】 D根據(jù)句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),可排除選項(xiàng)B、c;再根據(jù)句子的意思,可知:認(rèn)為見(jiàn)過(guò)她的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該在當(dāng)時(shí)看她之前,因此答案選D。

真題8(2004湖北卷33)

--George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?

--No,I ________. Did they have a big wedding?

A.was not invited B.have not been invited

C.hadn’t been invited D.didn’t invite

【答案及解析】 C根據(jù)主、謂關(guān)系,排除選項(xiàng)D;再根據(jù)上旬,婚禮的舉行是在上周,那么,應(yīng)在上周以前邀請(qǐng)客人,須用過(guò)去完成時(shí),故答案選C。

真題9(2004遼寧卷28)

It is said in the book that Thomas Edison(1847-1931) ________the world leading inventor for sixty years.

A.would be B.has been C.had been D.was

【答案及解析】D該題it作形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句子及各選項(xiàng)的意思,答案選D。

真題10(2004浙汀卷23)

The discussion ________alive when an interesting topic was brought in.

A.was coming B.had come C.has come D.came

【答案及解析】D選項(xiàng)A表示將來(lái)的情況;B表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去;C表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響;D表示過(guò)去某時(shí)的情況。

真題11(2004浙江卷34)

Because the shop ________, all the T-shins are sold at half price.

A.has closed down B.closed down

C.is closing down D.had closed down

【答案及解析】 C選項(xiàng)A、B表示已經(jīng)關(guān)閉停業(yè),與后面的“半價(jià)出售”矛盾;D表示過(guò)去某時(shí)之前的事情,句子中不存在;故答案選C,表示商店即將關(guān)閉停業(yè)。

真題12(2004江蘇卷26)

More patients in hospital this year than last veal.

A. treated B. have treated

C.had been treated D.have been treated

【答案及解析】D根據(jù)句子的意思,病人接受治療,而不是治療他人,故排除選項(xiàng)A、B;再根據(jù)句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知,這里并沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,因此需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。意為:今年在醫(yī)院接受治療的病人比去年多。

真題13(2004江蘇卷34)

Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s,when people ________ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.

A.begin B.began C.have begun D.had begun

【答案及解析】 B when在此句中指前面主句中的since the early 1990s,為過(guò)去時(shí)。故本從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去式,答案選B。

真題14(2004廣西卷25)

--The window is dirty.

--I know.It ________for weeks.

A.hasn’t cleaned B.didn’t clean

C.wasn’t cleaned D.hasn’t been cleaned

【答案及解析】 D本題主要考查過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。過(guò)去時(shí)僅表過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)某事,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān),F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示:1、某一動(dòng)作雖發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但影響著現(xiàn)在;2、某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去持續(xù)劍現(xiàn)在。由語(yǔ)境可知,幾周以來(lái),窗戶一直沒(méi)有被清潔。即答案為D。

真題15(全國(guó)[河南、河北、山東、福建]30)

My mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so I’m afraid I ________ half of it.

A.was missing B.had missed C.will miss D.missed

【答案及解析】 D整個(gè)事情是過(guò)去的事,且是做過(guò)的事,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí),答案選D。

真題16(2004四川卷25)

--Has Sam finished his homework today?

--I have no idea.He ________it this morning.

A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done

【答案及解析】c根據(jù)前句:我不知道,可看出答案選c,表示過(guò)去一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

真題17(2004四川卷30)

I ________you not to move my dictionary-now I can’t find it.

A.a(chǎn)sked B.a(chǎn)sk C.was asking D.had asked

【答案及解析】 A asked表示過(guò)去,與句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now相對(duì)應(yīng)。

真題18(2004四川卷34)

According to the art dealer,the painting __________to go for at least a million dollars.

A.is expected B.expects C.expected D.is expecting

【答案及解析】A the painting是物,它自己不能預(yù)期、期望,故要用被動(dòng)。

真題19(2004上海卷29)

The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ________increased enormously ever since.

A.is B.was C.has been D.had been

【答案及解析】 C句子后面的ever since意為:從那以后,須與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。

真題20(2004上海卷30) ;

The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ________ to eat more fruit and vegetables.

A.persuade B.will persuade C.be persuaded D.a(chǎn)re persuaded

【答案及解析】 D根據(jù)句子意思及結(jié)構(gòu)可知,應(yīng)該是說(shuō)服人們而不是人們說(shuō)服他人,因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);而本題屬于真實(shí)條件,不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,故排除選項(xiàng)C。答案選D。

真題21(2004天津卷28)

--What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

--I had just finished my work and to take a shower.

A.had started B.started C.have started D.was starting

【答案及解析】D用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

真題22(2004北京卷22)

--What’s that terrible noise?

--The neighbors ________for a party.

A.have prepared B.a(chǎn)re preparing C.prepare D.will prepare

【答案及解析】 B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,對(duì)方問(wèn)的是目前的情況,因此,告訴對(duì)方鄰居正在為聚會(huì)作準(zhǔn)備而弄出來(lái)的聲音,故用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

真題23(2004北京卷25) :

Now that she is out of a job,Lucy ________going back to school,but she hasn’t decided yet.

A.had considered B.has been considering

C.considered D.is going to consider

【答案及解析】 B Lucy現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)決定,一直在考慮重新求學(xué)的事,故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

真題24(2004北京卷27)

The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ________by 2006.

A.has been completed B.has completed

C.will have been completed D.will have completed

【答案及解析】 C此題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。by+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),主句謂語(yǔ)用相應(yīng)的完成時(shí)態(tài)。by2006意思是:到2006年底前,是將來(lái)時(shí),而工作本身不能完成,是被人完成,故用將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

真題25(2004湖南卷31)

--I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.

--Oh,how nice! Do you know when she ________.

A.was leaving B.had left C.has left D.1eft

【答案及解析】D考查時(shí)態(tài)。首先根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞排除選項(xiàng)B、c;再根據(jù)E句的意思:她已經(jīng)去那,故答案選D。

真題26(2004北京春季卷21)

How can you possibly miss the news? It ________on TV all day long.

A.has been B.had been C.was D.will be

【答案及解析】 A從上句的how can及時(shí)態(tài)、下一句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)all day long可以看出本題應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。

真題27(2004北京春季卷24)

--Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on.

--Where was I?

--You ________you didn’t like your father’s job.

A.had said B.said C.were saying D.had been saying

【答案及解析】c本題的語(yǔ)境是兩個(gè)人在談話,其中一個(gè)的話被另一個(gè)打斷,然后再問(wèn)自己剛才說(shuō)到哪兒了(Where were I?),因此得到的回答應(yīng)為“你剛才說(shuō)到……”(You were saying...),有一些短暫性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表“剛剛在……”,如:were not noticing(剛剛沒(méi)注意到)。

真題28(2004北京春季卷30)

I arrived late;I ________the road to be so icy.

A.wouldn’t expect B.haven’t expect

C.hadn’t expected D.wasn’t expecting

【答案及解析】C “我”之所以arrived late,是因?yàn)椤拔摇痹诖酥?即過(guò)去的過(guò)去)沒(méi)有料到路上結(jié)了這么厚的冰,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

真題29(2004北京春季卷34)

I ________while reading the English textbook.Luckily,my roommate woke me up in time!

A.had fallen asleep B.have fallen asleep

C.fell asleep D.fall asleep

【答案及解析】 C從第二句luckily,my roommate woke me up in time可以看出在此之前,“我”曾入睡了。故本題應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。

真題30(2004上海春季卷31)

There is no light in the dormitory.They must have gone to the lecture,________?

A.didn’t they B.don’t they C.mustn’t they D.haven’t they

【答案及解析】D must表推測(cè)時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)部分依m(xù)ust后面的時(shí)態(tài)及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定。本題must后面是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從前句可知是現(xiàn)在的情況,故答案選D。

真題31(2004上海春季卷33)

Although he has lived with us for years,he ________us much impression.

A.hadn’t left B.didn’t leave C.doesn’t leave D.hasn’t left

【答案及解析】C選項(xiàng)A為過(guò)去的過(guò)去;B表示過(guò)去,與前面從句的內(nèi)容矛盾;D表過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,均與題意不符,兇此,答案選C,表示現(xiàn)在通常的情況。

真題32(2003全國(guó)卷24)

--Sorry,J0e.I didn’t mean to…

--Don’t call me “Joe”.I’m Mr. Parker to you,and ________you forget it!

A.do B.didn’t C.did D.don’t

【答案及解析】 D 考查感嘆疑問(wèn)句的用法。其形式雖是疑問(wèn),實(shí)則表示感嘆。它多以否定詞Don’t開(kāi)頭并以感嘆號(hào)結(jié)尾,其表達(dá)的意義則是肯定。譯文 “對(duì)不起,喬,我的意思不是……”,“不要叫我喬。對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)我是帕克先生,你可不要忘了!”

真題33(2003全國(guó)卷27)

All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervousness____.

A.has grown B.is growing C.grew D.had grown

【答案及解析】C考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。從題干中可看出(waited)事情發(fā)生存過(guò);去,而且主句和從句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的,選項(xiàng)A、B表示現(xiàn)在的情況,根據(jù)前面的時(shí)問(wèn)狀語(yǔ)予以排除;選項(xiàng)D表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,與題意不符,因而只能選C。譯文:整個(gè)上午她都在等著大夫的體檢報(bào)告,不安的心情與時(shí)俱增。

真題34(2003全國(guó)卷30) ;

Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _______fresh for several days.

A.be stayed B.stay C.be staying D.have stayed

【答案及解析】 B考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。stay在此為系動(dòng)詞,既沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),也沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)或完成時(shí),與will一起構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí),表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。譯文:為什么你沒(méi)有把肉放在冰箱里?(在冰箱里)它可以保鮮好幾天。

真題35(2003北京卷22)

At this time tomorrow _______over the Atlantic.

A.we’re going to fly B.we’11 be flying

C.we’11 fly D.we’re to fly

【答案及解析】 B考查時(shí)態(tài)。情景提示在句子開(kāi)頭at this time tomorrow,表示將來(lái)某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),彤式是shall/will be doing。

真題36(2003北京卷25)

--________David and Vicky ________married?

--For about three years.

A.How long were;being B.How long have;got

C.How long have;been D.How long did;get

【答案及解析】C 考查時(shí)態(tài)。從答語(yǔ)For about three years判斷,該題問(wèn)的是動(dòng)作持續(xù)了多久,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),排除A、D選項(xiàng)。get married強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)婚這一動(dòng)作,不能延續(xù),排除B。be married表示已婚的狀態(tài),可以延續(xù)。

真題37(2003北京卷26)

The news came as no surprise to me.I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down。

A had known B.knew C.have known D.know

【答案及解析】A 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我對(duì)這個(gè)消息一點(diǎn)都不吃驚,我早就知道這家工廠將會(huì)倒閉的。know 這一動(dòng)作先于came 這一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。答案為A。

真題38(2003上海卷30)

It believed that if a book is ________ it will surely the reader.

A.interested:interest B.interesting;be interested

C.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest

【答案及解析】D interesting與interested都是形容詞,但interesting主語(yǔ)是物,一般說(shuō)sth is interesting,interested主語(yǔ)是人,一般說(shuō)be interested in sth,故前二空格應(yīng)用interesting;interest是動(dòng)詞形式,意為“吸引,使感興趣”。故選D。

真題39(2003上海卷32) .

I thought Jim would say something about his school report,but he ________lt.

A.doesn’t mention B.hadn’t mentioned

C.didn’t mention D.hasn’t mentioned

【答案及解析】c根據(jù)作者的語(yǔ)氣判斷,這里描述的是一種過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況,并未強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)過(guò)去或現(xiàn)在造成什么影響,因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

真題40(2003北京春季卷26)

--When will you come to see me,Dad?

--1 will go to see you when you ________the training course

A.will have finished B.will finish

C.a(chǎn)re finishing D.finish

【答案及解析】D考查從句中的時(shí)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)中狀語(yǔ)從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。同理,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),其它如主、定等從旬不受限制。在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

真題41(2003北京春季卷27)

--How long ________at this job?

--Since 1990.

A.were you employed B.have you been employed

C.had you been employed D.will you be employed

【答案及解析】B since后可加過(guò)去時(shí)間,也可加從句,從句中要用一般過(guò)去式,而主句要用現(xiàn)在完成式。根據(jù)Since 1990可確定為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

真題42(2003安徽春季卷21)

With the rapid growth of population,the city ________in all directions in the past five years.

A spreads B. has spread C spread D. had spread

【答案及解析】 B根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past five years可以知道這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在以現(xiàn)在為立足點(diǎn)的時(shí)間軸的過(guò)去,且這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

真題43(2003安徽春季卷33)

The silence of the library ________only by the sound of pages being turned over.

A.has been broken B.breaks C.broke D.was broken

【答案及解析】D從題意可看出圖書(shū)館的安靜是被翻書(shū)聲打破的,要用被動(dòng),排除B、C,再?gòu)腷eing turned over可看出不必用完成時(shí),排除A。

真題44(2003上海春季卷27)

By the end of last year,another new gymnasium ________in Beijing.

A.would be completed B.was being completed

C.has been completed D.had been completed

【答案及解析】D by意為“到……為止”。by后加過(guò)去時(shí)間,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí);如by后加現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);如by后加將來(lái)時(shí),主句要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。by the end of last year常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。表示到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)期前已完成的動(dòng)作。

真題45(2003上海春季卷28)

When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ________yet。

A.a(chǎn)re not decided B.have not been decided

C.is not being decided D.has not been decided

【答案及解析】D 根據(jù)副詞yet可確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故排除A、c;不定式,動(dòng)名詞及從句作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按單數(shù)處理,when and where to do sth.表示單數(shù),要用has not been decided。

真題46(2002全國(guó)卷23)

--You haven’t said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it? I

--I’m sorry I ________ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you.

A.wasn’t saying B.don’t say C.won’t say D.didn’t say

【答案及解析】D由于在問(wèn)句中既使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),又使用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),使一些考生產(chǎn)生了誤解。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,過(guò)去對(duì)新大衣沒(méi)作任何評(píng)價(jià),造成的影響是對(duì)方不知道究竟對(duì)新大衣是什么看法,所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)didn’t say。sooner表示“快,早”,不表示“將來(lái)”所以不能選won’t say。

真題47(2002全國(guó)卷29)

I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by now。

A.hasn’t written B.doesn’t write

C.won’t write D.hadn’t written

【答案及解析】 A時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)recently常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。We should have heard from her by now的意思是“目前我們應(yīng)該收到她的信了!币恍┛忌裺hould have heard from her理解成“本來(lái)不該收到她的信而收到了”,發(fā)生了錯(cuò)誤。should在這里用于表示可能性、估計(jì)、猜測(cè)或推論,答案為A。

真題48(2002北京卷21)

The little girl ________her heart out because she ________her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.

A.had cried;lost B.cried;had lost

C.has cried;has lost D.cries;has lost

【答案及解析】B 根據(jù)所提供的情景 she wasn’t ever going to find it可以確定 哭”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。丟失玩具熊發(fā)生在“哭”之前,所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

真題49(2002北京卷23)

--Excuse me.sir.Would you do me a favor7

--Of course.What is it?

--I _________if you could tell me how to fill out this form.

A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder

【答案及解析】 B在這個(gè)句子中用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在對(duì)方問(wèn)話之前自己已在思考著這樣一件事。What is it?用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),給試題增加了一定的難度。按常理答案應(yīng)為I wonder if...,但無(wú)此選項(xiàng)。A,C不合題意;D項(xiàng)用了did作強(qiáng)調(diào),從上下文看沒(méi)此必要,這里用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示提出請(qǐng)求前的想法。

真題50(2002上海卷23)

He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________from the university next year.

A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate

【答案及解析】C by the time后接定語(yǔ)從句,省略了關(guān)系副詞when。在這種定語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。譯文:到明年畢業(yè)之前,他已經(jīng)學(xué)了八年英語(yǔ)。

真題51(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷25)

John and I ________ friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at Christmas party.But we ________each other a couple of times before that.

A.had been;have seen B.have been;have seen

C.hadbeen:had seen D.have been;had seen

【答案及解析】D 前者與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for eight years連用,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);后者表示在一次晚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)之前就見(jiàn)過(guò),是過(guò)去的過(guò)去,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

真題52(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷27)

This is Ted’s photo.We miss him a lot.He ________trying to save a child in the earthquake.

A.killed B.is killed C.was killed D.was killing

【答案及解析】C從句意知Ted已經(jīng)死了發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對(duì)于動(dòng)詞kill來(lái)說(shuō),應(yīng)用被動(dòng),所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

真題53(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷31)

--How are the team playing?

--They’re playing well, but one of them ________hurt.

A.got B.gets C.a(chǎn)re D.were

【答案及解析】 A one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),所以排除C和D,got hurt“受傷”,get后接過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。受傷的事發(fā)生在過(guò)去,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

真題54(2002上海春季卷30)

Rainforests ________and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

A. cut B.a(chǎn)re cut C.a(chǎn)re being cut D.had been cut

【答案及解析】 c這句話的意思是“雨林正在以那么快的速度被砍伐和燒掉以至于在不久的將來(lái)它們將會(huì)消失!睆木渥拥恼Z(yǔ)境they will disappear from the earth in the near future可判斷,要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示現(xiàn)正在發(fā)生的事對(duì)將來(lái)可能造成的影響。

真題55(2002上海春季卷31)

How I wish every family ________a large house with a beautiful garden!

A.has B.had C.will have D.had had

【答案及解析】 B wish后接從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示這只是說(shuō)話人的一種愿望。具體用法:如果從句中動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí);與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形;與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或would/could +have done。譯文:我多么希望每個(gè)家庭都住上帶有漂亮花園的大房子。

真題56(2002上海春季卷36)

It ________long before we ________the result of the experiment.

A.will not be;will know B.is:will know

C.will not be;know D.is:know

【答案及解析】 C這句話的意思是“我們將在不久知道試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果”。所以要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。It will not be long是主句,意思是“不久”;在before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

真題57(2001全國(guó)卷24)

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ________ so rapidly.

A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change

【答案及解析】 A句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分...is no easy task,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示一種 “含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”,狀語(yǔ)從句中說(shuō)明原因?yàn)椤凹夹g(shù)更新變化迅速”,應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),表示一種“持續(xù)變化”的狀態(tài),體現(xiàn)了“變化;趨勢(shì);發(fā)展和進(jìn)展”。

真題58(2001全國(guó)卷30)

I ______ping-pong quite well,but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.

A.will play B.have played C.played D.play

【答案及解析】 D從常識(shí)看,一個(gè)人一旦獲得了某種技能,這種技能就會(huì)保持很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間,而不因短期內(nèi)不訓(xùn)練而失去,雖然“我”今年沒(méi)有時(shí)問(wèn)訓(xùn)練,但乒乓球一直打得很好,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

真題59(2001全國(guó)卷32)

Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.

A.will request B. request C.a(chǎn)re requesting D.a(chǎn)re requested

【答案及解析】D request意為“要求”,是及物動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)是:要么帶賓語(yǔ),要么用被動(dòng)(無(wú)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)))。這句話的意思是參觀者被要求不能觸摸展覽品,所以用被動(dòng)。

真題60(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷12)

Hundreds of jobs ________if the factory closes.

A.lose B.will be lost C.a(chǎn)re lost D.will lose

【答案及解析】B在if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí);而且主語(yǔ)是jobs,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

真題6l(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷15)

I've won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I ________my mum.

A.a(chǎn)m taking B.have taken C.take D.will have taken

【答案及解析】 A用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的情況。答案為A。

真題62(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷17)

A new cinema ________here.They hope to finish it next month.

A.will be built B.is built C.has been built D.is being built

【答案及解析】 D They hope to finish it next month.說(shuō)明電影院還在建設(shè)之中,所以從時(shí)態(tài)上講是進(jìn)行時(shí);另外從語(yǔ)態(tài)上講為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

真題63(2001上海春季卷26)

The new suspension bridge ________by the end of last month.

A.has been designed B.had been designed

C.was designed D.would be designed

【答案及解析】 B在含有by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。譯文:到上月為止已完成了吊橋設(shè)計(jì)。

真題64(2001上海春季卷35)

If a man ________succeed,he must work as hard as he can.

A.will B.is to C.is going to D.should

【答案及解析】B狀語(yǔ)從句中不能用將來(lái)時(shí),如強(qiáng)調(diào)意愿,可用will;如強(qiáng)調(diào)某種決心、意向,要用be to do sth.表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、意圖、約定、可能性等。譯文:如果一個(gè)人想成功,他必須盡力而為。所以要用is 10 succeed的形式。

真題65(2000全國(guó)卷13)

--You’ve left the light on.

--Oh,so I have.--and turn it off.

A.I’ll go B.I’ve gone C.I go D.I’m going

【答案及解析】A先排除B,因它與and后的turn it off講不通;從句意知燈還沒(méi)關(guān),所以他將去關(guān)掉它,故C排除;A和D均表將來(lái),但will注重純粹時(shí)間上的將來(lái),而be goingto則強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃和打算,再說(shuō)和turn off不并列,只有A最準(zhǔn)確。答案為A。

真題66(2000全國(guó)卷20)

--How are you today?

--0h, ________as ill as I do now for a very long timc.

A.didn’t feel B.wasn’t feeling

C.don’t feel D.haven’t felt

【答案及解析】D現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。從句子的意思可知,從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始,已經(jīng)病了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。

真題67(2000全國(guó)卷25)

The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when he saw it.

A.was travelling B.travelled C.had been travelling D.was to travel

【答案及解析】 A敘述報(bào)告者當(dāng)時(shí)看到UFO的情景,要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案為A。

真題68(2000上海卷24)

My uncle ________until he was forty-five.

A.married B.didn’t marry C.was not marrying D.would marry

【答案及解析】 B選用句型“…until”或“not…until”的關(guān)鍵是判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否可延續(xù),如可延續(xù)就用“...until”;反之,用“not…until”。動(dòng)詞nmn-y(與……結(jié)婚,要……嫁給…)是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,所以要用didn’t marry。

真題69(2000上海卷36)

If only he _________quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.

A.1ies B.1ay C.had lain D.should lie

【答案及解析】C “If only…”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣;“he would not suffer so much now中“now"表示現(xiàn)在的狀況。這樣,條件部分就是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示。

真題70(2000京、皖春季卷9)

Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon ________to his old ways.

A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned

【答案及解析】A比較兩個(gè)并列句的時(shí)態(tài)可知,都表過(guò)去發(fā)生的事,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

真題71(2000京、皖春季卷14)

--You’re drinking too much.

--Only at home.No one _______me but you.

A.is seeing B.had seen C.sees D.saw

【答案及解析】 C從句子的意思可知,此人愛(ài)喝酒是一種習(xí)慣,表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故排除B、D;又從only at home可知他總是在家喝.所以每次喝時(shí)就只有“你”看見(jiàn)了。

真題72(2000京、皖春季卷19)

All the preparations for the task ________,and we’re ready to start.

A.completed B.complete

C.had been completed D.have been completed

【答案及解析】D現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去所做的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。從后句and we’re ready to start的意思可知,一切準(zhǔn)備工作已經(jīng)就緒,可以開(kāi)始工作了。