作者：籍萬(wàn)杰
倒裝可分為"全部倒裝"和"部分倒裝"。句子是全部倒裝還是部分倒裝往往取決于位于句首的詞語(yǔ)。因此,弄清具有倒裝要求的標(biāo)志詞是解題的關(guān)鍵。
一、全部倒裝
將整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)之前的稱為全部倒裝。常見(jiàn)的有:
1. 用于"there(here,now,then)+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)"的句型中,或以in,out,down,up,away等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子里,以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如:
There goes the bell.
注意:當(dāng)上面的主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí),盡管副詞位于句首,主謂語(yǔ)序不倒裝。
2. 表示方位意義的介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞短語(yǔ)位于句首作狀語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be、表示"位于、存在"的動(dòng)詞或"位置移動(dòng)"的單個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)。如:
From the valley came a frightening sound.
3. 作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)。如:
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
二、部分倒裝
將謂語(yǔ)的一部分(即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞)提到主語(yǔ)前的稱部分倒裝。如果句中沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞,謂語(yǔ)只是一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,要在主語(yǔ)前加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did,主語(yǔ)后的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用原形。常見(jiàn)的有:
1. 當(dāng)"so (such)...that..."結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首時(shí),構(gòu)成部分倒裝句。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
So difficult ________ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
答案: D
2. 當(dāng)具有否定意義的詞(no,not,never, neither, nor, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not only, no sooner, by no means, in no case / way, at no time, etc.)位于句首時(shí),要用部分倒裝。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
________ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
答案: B
注意:not until引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時(shí),not until引導(dǎo)的從句不倒裝,主句倒裝。
3. only位于句首,修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要用部分倒裝。注意:only修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句中倒裝,從句中不倒裝;only修飾的不是狀語(yǔ)時(shí),則不用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
Only when your identity has been checked, ________.
A. you are allowed in
B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in
D. will you be allowed in
答案: D
4. 當(dāng)as / though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可出現(xiàn)"名詞 / 形容詞 / 副詞 / 分詞 + as + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞"或"動(dòng)詞 + as + 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞"的倒裝形式。當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),名詞前不加任何冠詞。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
________, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled
B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I have traveled so much
答案: C
5. 當(dāng)however, no matter how引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常把however / no matter how + 形容詞 / 副詞放在句首,此時(shí)主謂不倒裝。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
You should try to get a good night's sleep ________ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter
C. although D. whatever
答案: A