非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)全解
一， 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
[鏈接高考]
（1） All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas.
A. in order to have received B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received D. So as to be receiving
(2005遼寧)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是C。 因?yàn)榫渥又髡Z(yǔ)All these gifts與不定式receive式被動(dòng)關(guān)系，只有
選項(xiàng)C是被動(dòng)式。
（2） _______ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separated
(2005湖北)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是C。因?yàn)锳ustralia與separate是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且separate發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式作原因狀語(yǔ)。
二， 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)
所作句子成分 賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)
邏輯主語(yǔ) 句子的主語(yǔ) 所修飾的詞 句子的主語(yǔ) 句子的賓語(yǔ)
[鏈接高考]
（1） While watching television, _______.
A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
(2005全國(guó)III)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是C。 因?yàn)閣atching 的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是句子的主語(yǔ)，能作其主語(yǔ)的只有選項(xiàng)C和D 中的we，有因?yàn)樵趆ear后能作賓補(bǔ)的應(yīng)是省略to 的不定式。
(2)In order to make our city green, _______.
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant
C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees
(2002上海春)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是D。 作目的狀語(yǔ)的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為句子的主語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)中的主語(yǔ)能作不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)的只有we。
三， 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式
[鏈接高考]
（1） Victor apologized for _____ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able
C. his not being able D. him to be not able
(2004上海春)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是C。 在介詞for后作賓語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞，排除B和D；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式式將not放在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，排除A；只有選項(xiàng)C 正確，題中not放在動(dòng)名詞being 之前，邏輯主語(yǔ)his之后。
(2) _______the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
(2004廣東)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是C。 因?yàn)榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式，要將not等放在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，排除D；they與complete是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，排除B；“還沒(méi)有完成”，發(fā)生在“決定”之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，排除A。
四， 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)
[鏈接高考]
（1） It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview;_____ the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
(2005北京)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是D。 因?yàn)閯?dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，表示一般的情況。
（2）______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
(1992全國(guó))
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是B。 因?yàn)閍 good form暗示泛指一般性行為，用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。
注：（1）有時(shí)這種區(qū)別并不是很嚴(yán)格。但要注意：主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)要用同一種形式；平行結(jié)構(gòu)中要用同一種形式。
[鏈接高考] Fishing is his favourite hobby, and _____.
A. he’d like to collect coins as well
B. he feels like collecting coins, too.
C. to collect coins is also his hobby
D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure.
(2001上海)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是D。 因?yàn)閍nd連接兩個(gè)并列句，前一分句用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，與之并列的后一分句也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。
（2） 在seem, appear, prove（結(jié)果是，后來(lái)表明），remain（尚須），grow (達(dá)到……的程度)等連系動(dòng)詞后，可用不定式作表語(yǔ)，但不用-ing形式作表語(yǔ)。
[鏈接高考]I think you’ll grow _____ him when you know him better.
A. liking B. to be like C. to like D. to be liking
(2005江西)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是C。 因?yàn)樵诒硎尽斑_(dá)到喜歡的程度”的grow后用不定式作表語(yǔ)，排除A;like作喜歡講是動(dòng)詞，前面不用be，排除B，like一般沒(méi)有進(jìn)行式，排除D。
五， 考查不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
表示“需要”的need,want和require等后的動(dòng)詞形式這時(shí)，其主語(yǔ)一般是事物，其后的動(dòng)詞形式可以是不定式的被動(dòng)式，也可以是動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式。
[鏈接高考]There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need _______.
A. that, to be improved B. which , to be improved
C. where, improving D. when, improving
（2003上海）
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是A。 因?yàn)椤肮窢顩r需要改善”，need后接improving或to be improved都可以。后面的從句應(yīng)是problem的同位語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。
六， 考查不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
[鏈接高考] （1）My advisor encouraged______ a summer course to improve my wrting skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take
(2004北京)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是D。 因?yàn)閙e 與take式主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且take 發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞encouraged之后，要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，即encourage sb. To do sth。
（2） Paul doesn’t have to be made ______. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
（1995全國(guó)）
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是B。 因?yàn)樵谑挂蹌?dòng)詞make, let, have后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但在其被動(dòng)式后作主補(bǔ)的不定式要加to。
七， 考查不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
1． 在表示時(shí)間，條件，讓步，方式或伴隨情況等時(shí)，通常要用分詞，不用不定式。
句子主語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，句子主語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，習(xí)慣上不作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
[鏈接高考] （1）Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
（2005重慶）
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是D。 因?yàn)樽靼殡S狀語(yǔ)不能用不定式，we與have fun是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用現(xiàn)在分詞。
[鏈接高考] （2）______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
(2004北京)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是C。 表示時(shí)間不能用不定式，而要用現(xiàn)在分詞。Having fun=After he had waited…
[鏈接高考] (3)When ______ help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “ It’s kind of you.”
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
（2005福建）
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是D。 某人說(shuō)“謝謝”應(yīng)當(dāng)是他被提供了幫助，所以要用過(guò)去分詞。When offered help = when he is offered help…
2。不定式和分詞表示原因的區(qū)別
表示原因時(shí)，分詞短語(yǔ)常放在句首，也可放在句末，多用逗號(hào)格開(kāi)；不定式短語(yǔ)卻只能放在句末，但不用逗號(hào)，且多用于表示情緒或情感反應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞，形容詞之后。
I’m surprised to see you here .在這時(shí)遇見(jiàn)你真讓我感到意外。
[鏈接高考] _______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
(2005湖南)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 he 和dress是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過(guò)分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，故選A.Dressed in … = As he isdressed in …
3．不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞表示結(jié)果的區(qū)別
不定式表結(jié)果，其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，往往表示未曾預(yù)料到的或令熱不快的結(jié)果，不定式前常加only；另外，還用于too…to, enough to, never to, so/such… as to等固定結(jié)構(gòu)中�，F(xiàn)在分詞表示的結(jié)果，式伴隨謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果（同時(shí)發(fā)生），有時(shí)在前面加上thus，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞于現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作式因果關(guān)系。
[鏈接高考] (1) He hurried to the station only _____ that the train had left.
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
(2005廣東)
【簡(jiǎn)析】 答案是A。only后接不定式，表示“結(jié)果卻，不料”，hurried和find是先后發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作。
[鏈接高考]（2）Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record US57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
(2005山東)
【簡(jiǎn)析】伴隨著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故選B。
4．作目的狀語(yǔ)或者在形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)只能用不定式
[鏈接高考] (1) ____ more about university coursed, call (05920)746-3789.
A．To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out
(2005浙江)
牎炯蛭觥孔髂康淖從鏌用動(dòng)詞不定式，故選A。
[鏈接高考] （2）You were silly not ______ your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
(2004 湖南)
【簡(jiǎn)析】在形容詞（silly）后作狀語(yǔ)，用不定式；“沒(méi)有鎖車”發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前，用完成式，故選B。
責(zé)任編輯：李芳芳